The People's Republic of China (PRC) unveiled two pieces of draft legislation this year that will, once passed, elevate the conversation around cybersecurity from an issue of corporate compliance to a matter of national security. The PRC economy is becoming increasingly digitalised, with the government placing ever greater importance on...

Court filing fees (“Fees”) are once more a highly relevant topic. On 16 October 2014, the Generalitat de Catalunya published Directive JUS/303/2014 (“Directive”), based on article 104.f of the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, approving the procedure and deadlines to settle the new Catalan fees to be applied to civil and...

The judgment dated 14 March 2017 declares as unfair the objective dismissal of an employee five months after his employer entered into an asset sale and purchase agreement by which it transferred its business to another company in the sector. It considered that the dismissal was unfair as it was...

Article 233 of the Capital Companies Act deals with the attribution of a power of representation, which does not pose particular problems of interpretation when it concerns a sole, joint or joint and several directors. However, when we are dealing with a board of directors, this provision arouses curiosity in...

According to Article 242 of the Companies Act, (“CA”) “[the] Board of Directors shall consist of at least three members”. However, according to the decision of the Directorate General of Registries and Notaries (the “DGRN”) of 14 March 2016, there may be situations in which the Board is formed by...

Power is mission critical for data centres and accounted for around 1.5% of global electricity consumption in 2024, according to the International Energy Agency. It remains the sector's largest operational expense, the main source of emissions and, in many markets, is increasingly difficult to secure at scale. With ongoing digitalisation...

The European Union and its member countries, as well as addressing questions of supply and subsidising the cost of energy, have taken steps to reduce demand. Some countries have gone as far as setting out legally enforceable obligations on the energy use by people and businesses. By contrast, the UK...